Using chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and tritium (3H) to estimate groundwater age and flow velocity in Hohhot Basin,China          下载免费PDF全文

Jun Liu  Zongyu Chen  Wen Wei  Yilong Zhang  Zhenghong Li  Fuliang Liu  Hualiang Guo 《水文研究》2014,28(3):1372-1382

The concentrations of chlorofluorocarbons (CFC‐11, CFC‐12 and CFC‐113) and tritium (³H) content in groundwater were used to date groundwater age, delineate groundwater flow systems and estimate flow velocity in the Hohhot basin. The estimated young groundwater age is fallen in the bracket of 21 ~ 50 a and indicates the presence of two different age profiles and flow systems in the shallow groundwater system. Older age waters occur under the topographically low areas, where the aquifer is double‐layer aquifer system consisting of shallow unconfined‐semi‐confined aquifer and deep confined aquifer. This reflects long flow paths associated with regional flow. Groundwater (range from 21 to 34 years) in the north piedmont and east hilly areas, where the aquifer is a single‐layer aquifer consisting of alluvial fans, are typically younger than those in the low areas. The combination of CFCs dating with hydrogeological information indicates that both local and regional flow systems are present at the basin. The regional groundwater flow mainly flows from the north and east to the southwest, the local groundwater flow system occurs nearby the Hohhot city. The mean regional groundwater flow velocity of the shallow groundwater is estimated about 0.73 km/a. These findings can aid in refining hydrogeological conceptual model of the study area. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

An inter‐basin backwater overflow (the Buhai Brook and the Ezer reservoir on the Jijia River,Romania)          下载免费PDF全文

Gheorghe Romanescu  Cristian Stoleriu 《水文研究》2014,28(7):3118-3131

During the last few years, the north‐western part of Romania has been affected by catastrophic floods with most of the watercourses reaching their highest recorded discharges. This study reports the generation of a numerical terrain model and the simulation of a backwater phenomenon at elevation steps according to the volume of water accumulated at the confluence of the Buhai Brook with the Jijia River. The hydrological data are complemented by rainfall data and the careful recording of the flood behaviour during the entire period of its development. The main aim of the study is to identify the causes of the backwater phenomenon and to highlight the material damage inflicted on the town of Dorohoi. At the same time, the study uses cartographic model that was developed to establish which areas are at risk of flooding at various levels of probability. The catastrophic flood began on the Buhai Brook, a slow‐flowing stream that drains the areas to the west of the town of Dorohoi and discharged into the upstream sector of the Jijia confluence. The flood caused two types of backwater waves: one behind the bridges and the houses built on the floodplain and a second that followed the course of the main stem (Jijia) upstream from the confluence, flooding the Ezer Lake, which was created specifically to attenuate such floods. The spillway backwater phenomenon was inter‐basin as it did not occur in a single hydrographic basin. The causes of the catastrophic flash flood and of the inter‐basin backwater overflow are natural but also reflect anthropogenic influence. After the lake filled, the discharge into the Jijia was controlled and the flooding downstream was thus greatly diminished. Though fortuitous, the backwater flooding was important in mitigating the impact of the flood wave from the Jijia River. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

钻井局域网实时监控设备研发          下载免费PDF全文

韩晓玲  闫思江  韩文峰  张圣杰  韩红玲 《探矿工程》2020,47(12):30-35

为实现钻井指挥部对各钻井站点钻采工艺的远程监控，在前期钻井工艺参数自动实时监测的单机研发基础上,本文应用TIA portal软件进行主站从站组网监控研究，实验设备用Siemens1200PLC做主控机，用Siemens200PLC做从站控制机监控钻采现场工艺参数，通过主控机与各从站点组态，实现主控机对从站主从控制。装机后在钻采现场进行了无线网传输实验，实验结果表明:应用互联网通信技术解决无线网断点续传问题，能够实现了钻采实时监控数据短距离传输。  相似文献   

内蒙古得尔布干成矿带铅锌银矿两期叠加成矿的矿物学证据--以乌尔根矿为例     

魏灿坤  温守钦  杨天瑶  杨红章  张光亮  李建源  谢伟  闫莹灿  张帅 《矿物学报》2020,(2):201-212

内蒙古额尔古纳市乌尔根铅锌银矿是得尔布干成矿带上具有代表性的浅成中低温热液型铅锌银矿之一。显微镜下观察、电子探针分析结果等矿物学证据证明,该矿床存在2期成矿作用。其中早期火山热液形成的金属硫化物普遍受应力作用的改造,并广泛被晚期形成的矿物交代,典型矿物是不含乳滴状黄铜矿的闪锌矿,具有高含量Fe、Mn和低含量Cu的特征;晚期次火山(隐爆角砾岩)热液形成的金属硫化物占大多数,常交代早期形成的矿物并与其交生在一起,典型矿物是含固溶体乳滴黄铜矿的闪锌矿,并且具有中等含量Fe、Mn和高含量Cu的特征。在次火山热液期的晚阶段残余热液还形成了较为纯净的呈棕黄色-无色透明的纯净闪锌矿,具有高含量Zn,低含量Fe、Mn、Cu的特征。结合前人测定的研究区火山岩和矿石矿物定年结果以及火山岩主量元素组成数据,推测早期火山热液成矿与中基性塔木兰沟组火山岩关系密切,而晚期次火山(隐爆角砾岩)热液属于满克头鄂博组的(中)酸性岩浆热液的产物。隐爆角砾岩热液富含Cu元素且为成矿提供了主要物质来源,是研究区寻找除铅锌之外其他矿种的重要线索。  相似文献   

湘黔渝毗邻区南华纪岩相古地理及沉积盆地演化     

邹光均  黄建中  凌跃新  谭仕敏  曹创华  黄革非  文春华 《地球学报》2020,41(2):207-218

湘黔渝毗邻区大地构造位置位于扬子陆块东南缘,发育有完整的南华纪沉积记录,同时也是我国南华纪“大塘坡式”沉积型锰矿的重要富集区。通过对区内南华系剖面的详细调查与研究,结合室内综合分析,应用“优势相”成图方法编制了南华纪早世、中世、晚世岩相古地理图件。研究表明:受Rodinia超大陆全球性裂解作用影响,南华纪时期扬子陆块东南缘发生广泛的裂解作用,形成武陵次级裂谷盆地和雪峰次级裂谷盆地,构成“堑-垒”式古地理格局,南华系是在这一背景下形成的“楔状”沉积体;划分出大陆相组、过渡相组和海相组三大沉积相组,识别出河流相、湖泊相、三角洲相、海岸相以及浅海陆棚相等沉积相及若干沉积亚相等。系列图件的编制恢复了南华纪时期的沉积盆地演化与古地理变迁,建立了沉积盆地演化模式,为区域上沉积型锰矿的预测与寻找提供了一定的沉积学依据。  相似文献   

内蒙古阿巴嘎地区地壳方位各向异性研究          下载免费PDF全文

强正阳  吴庆举  何静  李永华 《地球物理学报》2019,62(8):2946-2958

本文利用架设在内蒙古阿巴嘎地区38个宽频带地震台站记录到的远震数据，通过拟合P波接收函数径向Pms转换波到时和叠加不同方位切向分量，确定了地壳各向异性参数.结果表明，大部分台站Pms延迟时间在0.35 s左右；而少数台站时差较大，推测可能受到索伦缝合带附近地壳残留倾斜界面影响.各向异性快波方向变化范围在N95°E到N180°E之间，平均为N130.6°E±19.1°，推测中下地壳矿物在ENE-WSW向区域主压应力作用下发生晶格定向排列可能是导致地壳各向异性的主要成因.研究区壳幔变形特征和机制不同，属于解耦变形.  相似文献   

山区农村土地利用转型与小农经济变迁耦合机理   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

苏康传  杨庆媛  张佰林  张忠训 《地理研究》2019,38(2):399-413

通过山区土地利用转型与小农经济变迁的耦合关系分析,可以揭示山区人地关系的变化过程和机理。随着工业化、城镇化的快速推进,山区农村人地关系发生深刻变化,小农经济变迁驱动土地利用转型,土地利用转型进一步促进小农经济变迁。在阐述土地利用转型及小农经济变迁内涵和特征基础上,结合实证探讨二者间的耦合机理,以期为乡村振兴战略的实施提供理论支撑和现实参考。研究表明：① 山区农村土地利用转型与小农经济变迁相互影响,耦合演进。② 山区农村土地利用转型重点体现在农村宅基地、耕地及林地三类用地上。③ 中国小农经济已发生四次变迁,而山区小农经济变迁在第四次中表现较为明显,其阶段特征主要为农村人口向城镇迁移,土地流转频繁,土地规模经营趋势增强。④ 山区小农经济变迁引发耕地空间形态及功能转型,山区耕地转型进一步促进小农经济变迁。⑤ 山区小农经济变迁及农户生计策略非农化转变促使农户对宅基地结构及功能的需求发生变化;闲置废弃宅基地综合整治可显化农村土地资产价值,增加农民土地财产性收入,促进小农经济变迁。⑥ 通过云南省砚山县耕地利用转型案例剖析,验证了本文提出的山区农村土地利用转型与小农经济变迁的耦合机理。  相似文献   

新疆天山地区壳幔S波速度结构特征及变形分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

蔡妍  吴建平  明跃红  房立华  王未来  孔祥艳  杨婷  范莉苹 《地球物理学报》2019,62(11):4214-4226

天山地区地质构造复杂，地震活动频繁，其壳幔变形和深部结构一直受到学者们的高度关注.然而，由于天山地区地震台站资料较少，致使壳幔变形研究结果与解释存在诸多争议.本研究利用在天山地区（40°N-46°N，78°E-92°E）新布设的11个流动宽频带地震台站和该地区39个固定台站的观测资料，采用接收函数与面波联合反演方法，获得了研究区地壳厚度及壳幔S波速度结构.反演结果显示天山地区（41.5°N-44°N，78°E-88°E）平均地壳厚度为56 km，塔里木盆地（40°N-41.5°N，79°E-90°E）、准噶尔盆地（44°N-46°N，82°E-90°E）和吐鲁番盆地（42°N-43°N，88°E-90°E）具有较厚的沉积层，地壳平均厚度为43 km、53 km和46 km，整体表现为天山厚、盆地相对较薄的特征；在研究区南天山的最高峰（42°N，80.5°E）及北天山的最高峰（43.5°N，86°E）附近，中下地壳存在较厚的低速层，我们认为在强烈挤压作用下低速、低强度的中下地壳强烈变形可能是导致该区域快速隆升的主要原因.在研究区中部，位于塔里木盆地与准噶尔盆地之间的天山地区，中下地壳及上地幔均存在低速层，且盆地莫霍面向天山倾斜明显.结合前人的研究成果推测，在南北向构造挤压应力作用下，塔里木盆地与准噶尔盆地发生了向天山造山带方向的双向壳幔层间插入俯冲.在研究区东部，塔里木盆地东北缘与天山东部接触带的地壳内没有明显的低速层，推测应处在早期挤压变形状态，该区域的壳幔边界为缓变的速度梯度带，可能与上地幔热物质侵入或渗透有关.  相似文献   

Primary investigation of statistical correlation between changes in ice volume and area of glaciers     

PuYu Wang  ZhongQin Li  ChunHai Xu  Ping Zhou  WenBin Wang  Shuang Jin  HongLiang Li 《寒旱区科学》2019,11(1):41-49

This study makes an attempt to investigate through statistical analysis the correlation between changes in ice volume and area of glaciers. Using data from nine sample glaciers in the Tian Shan, the results show that a linear relation exists between changes in ice volume and area, with a correlation coefficient of 0.700. However, the accuracy estimation is difficult due to the limited number of samples. The correlation was not improved after adding eleven glacier samples in other mountains. Two reference glaciers are then analyzed in more detail. The linear correlation coefficient is higher than 0.800 when using the observed changes in ice volume and area during different periods on Urumqi Glacier No. 1, which suggests that the linear relation is valid for one glacier for different periods if its shape does not change noticeably and also for other glaciers of the same shape during the same period. The relation between changes in ice volume and area of Qingbingtan Glacier No. 72 is different during different periods due to change in the shape of the glacier tongue and the influence of the debris cover. Moreover, errors in glacier-change monitoring and-volume estimation have an important influence on the correlation results. Therefore, further study needs to focus not only on the distinction between glacier types and between different periods but also on the accuracy of volume estimation.  相似文献   

Hierarchical community detection and functional area identification with OSM roads and complex graph theory     

Ye Hong 《International journal of geographical information science》2019,33(8):1569-1587

An in-depth analysis of the urban road network structure plays an essential role in understanding the distribution of urban functional area. To concentrate topologically densely connected road segments, communities of urban roads provide a new perspective to study the structure of the network. In this study, based on OpenStreetMap (OSM) roads and points-of-interest (POI) data, we employ the Infomap community detection algorithm to identify the hierarchical community in city roads and explore the shaping role roads play in urban space and their relation with the distribution of urban functional areas. The results demonstrate that the distribution of communities at different levels in Guangzhou, China reflects the urban spatial relation between the suburbs and urban centers and within urban centers. Moreover, the study explored the functional area characteristics at the community scale and identified the distribution of various functional areas. Owing to the structure information contained in the identification process, the detected community can be used as a basic unit in other urban studies. In general, with the community-based network, this study proposes a novel method of combining city roads with urban space and functional zones, providing necessary data support and academic guidance for government and urban planners.  相似文献